Introduction

​

1. UNESCO. “1.37 Billion Students Now Home as COVID-19 School Closures Expand, Ministers Scale up Multimedia Approaches to Ensure Learning Continuity,” March 24, 2020. https://en.unesco.org/news/137-billion-students-now-home-covid-19-school-closures-expand-ministers-scale-multimedia.
    

2. Kershner, Isabel, and Pam Belluck. “When COVID Subsided, Israel Reopened Its Schools. It Didn’t Go Well.” The New York Times, August 4, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/04/world/middleeast/coronavirus-israel-schools-reopen.html.
    

3. Rakesh Kochhar. “Unemployment Rose Higher in Three Months of COVID-19 than It Did in Two Years of the Great Recession.” Pew Research Center. Fact Tank, June 11, 2020. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/06/11/unemployment-rose-higher-in-three-months-of-covid-19-than-it-did-in-two-years-of-the-great-recession/.
    

4. “School Districts' Reopening Plans: A Snapshot,” Education Week, August 4, 2020, https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/school-districts-reopening-plans-a-snapshot.html.
    

5. Rizga, Kristina. “How Remote School Can Work in the COVID-19 Pandemic,” The Atlantic, April 13, 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2020/04/how-remote-school-can-work-covid-19-pandemic/609895/.
    

6. “Pods, Microschools and Tutors: Can Parents Solve the Education Crisis on Their Own?,” The New York Times, July 24, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/parenting/school-pods-coronavirus.html.
    

7. “Decision for 2020-21 Academic Year, Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences,” July 6, 2020, https://www.fas.harvard.edu/fas-decision-2020-2021-academic-year.
    

8. “Pediatricians, Educators and Superintendents Urge a Safe Return to School This Fall,” July 10, 2020, https://services.aap.org/en/news-room/news-releases/aap/2020/pediatricians-educators-and-superintendents-urge-a-safe-return-to-school-this-fall/.
    

9. “Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR),” https://www.pearinc.org.

 

Chapter 1: Optimism

​

1. Wren, Adam, and Dan Levin. “‘I Was a Little Scared’: Inside America’s Reopening Schools.” The New York Times, August 27, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/06/us/coronavirus-students.html.
    

2. Quintero, Alejandro Vazquez-Martinez, Michael Hansen, and Diana. “Unsafe School Facilities Reinforce Educational Inequities among Marginalized Students.” Brookings, September 1, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2020/09/01/unsafe-school-facilities-reinforce-educational-inequities-among-marginalized-students/.
    

3. Strauss, Valerie. “An Old Story Made New Again: Why Students of Color Are Primed to Be Left behind in the Coronavirus Crisis.” Washington Post, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2020/04/24/an-old-story-made-new-again-why-students-color-are-primed-be-left-behind-covid-19-crisis/.
    

4. Traub, James. “Sizers Hope - The New York Times,” August 2, 1998. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/02/education/sizers-hope.html.
    

5. Sizer, Theodore R. Horace’s Compromise: The Dilemma of the American High School. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 2004.
    

6. Seligman, Martin E. P. Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2011.
    

7. Fowler, J. H, and N. A Christakis. “Dynamic Spread of Happiness in a Large Social Network: Longitudinal Analysis over 20 Years in the Framingham Heart Study.” BMJ 337, no. dec04 2 (December 4, 2008): a2338–a2338. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2338.
    

8. Noam, G. G. “Resources,” 2020. https://gilnoam.wixsite.com/author.
    

9. Albert Ellis Institute. “REBT in the Context of Modern Psychological Research,” 2020. https://albertellis.org/rebt-in-the-context-of-modern-psychological-research/.
    

10. Ellis, Albert. “Rational Psychotherapy and Individual Psychology.” Journal of Individual Psychology 13 (1957): 38–44.
     

11. LaCaille, Lara, Anna Maria Patino-Fernandez, Jane Monaco, Ding Ding, C. Renn Upchurch Sweeney, Colin D. Butler, Colin L. Soskolne, et al. “Explanatory Style.” In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, edited by Marc D. Gellman and J. Rick Turner, 734–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1401.
     

12. Gillham, Jane E., Andrew J. Shatté, Karen J. Reivich, and Martin E. P. Seligman. “Optimism, Pessimism, and Explanatory Style.” In Optimism & Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice., edited by Edward C. Chang, 53–75. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1037/10385-003.
     

13. Dweck, Carol S. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Ballantine Books trade pbk. ed. New York: Ballantine Books, 2008.
     

14. Blackwell, Lisa S., Kali H. Trzesniewski, and Carol Sorich Dweck. “Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention.” Child Development 78, no. 1 (2007): 246–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x.
     

15. Mueller, Claudia, Meredith L. Rowe, and Barry Zuckerman. “Mindset Matters for Parents and Adolescents.” JAMA Pediatrics 171, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 415–16. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.5160.

 

Chapter 2: Engaged Learning

 

1. National Assessment of Educational Progress. “NAEP - 2012 Long-Term Trend: Mathematics Age 13 Results.” Accessed November 3, 2020. https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ltt_2012/age13m.aspx#0-2.
    

2. National Assessment of Educational Progress. “NAEP Mathematics: National Student Group Scores and Score Gaps,” Accessed November 3, 2020. https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/mathematics/nation/groups/?grade=8.
    

3. National Assessment of Educational Progress. “NAEP - 2012 Long-Term Trend: Reading Age 13 Results,” Accessed November 3, 2020. https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ltt_2012/age13r.aspx#0-2.
    

4. Carey, Benedict. “What We’re Learning about Online Learning.” The New York Times. Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/13/health/school-learning-online-education.html.
    

5. Topping, Keith, Céline Buchs, David Duran, and Hilde van Keer. Effective Peer Learning: From Principles to Practical Implementation. Taylor & Francis, 2017.
    

6. Transcend Education. “Transcend: Building beyond the Limits of School Design.” Transcend. Accessed November 4, 2020. https://www.transcendeducation.org.
    

7. Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR). “COVID-19 Resources.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.pearinc.org/covid19.
    

8. Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. “Core SEL Competencies.” CASEL, 2020 https://casel.org/core-competencies/.
    

9. SoLD Alliance. “SoLD Alliance.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.soldalliance.org.
    

10. Deb Peterson. (2019, October 10). Active Classroom Icebreakers. Thought Co. https://www.thoughtco.com/ice-breakers-that-energize-31411
     

11. Google for Education. “Teach Computer Science & Coding to Kids - CS First.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://csfirst.withgoogle.com/s/en/home.
     

12. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. “Screen Time and Children.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Children-And-Watching-TV-054.aspx.
     

13. Noam, G. G. “Resources,” 2020. https://gilnoam.wixsite.com/author.
     

Chapter 3: Relationships

 

1. The Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative. “Adverse Childhood Experiences among US Children,” 2017. https://www.cahmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/aces_fact_sheet.pdf.
    

2. Lanyado, Monica. “Winnicott’s Children: The Holding Environment and Therapeutic Communication in Brief and Non-Intensive Work.” Journal of Child Psychotherapy 22, no. 3 (December 1996): 423–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00754179608254517.
    

3. Thomas E. Glass. (2020). Where Are All the Women Superintendents? [Feature]. The School Superintendents Association. https://aasa.org/schooladministratorarticle.aspx?id=14492
    

4. National Center for Education Statistics. (2020). Characteristics of Public School Teachers. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics.
    

5. American Psychological Association. “What the Evidence Shows.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2019/11/ce-corner-sidebar.
    

6. Bernstein-Yamashiro, B., and G. G. Noam. Teacher-Student Relationships: Toward Personalized Education. New Directions for Youth Development 137. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
    

7. SoLD Alliance. “SoLD Alliance | What We’ve Learned.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.soldalliance.org/what-weve-learned.
    

Chapter 4: Structure and Norms

 

1. YouthPolicy.org. “New Directions for Youth Development.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.youthpolicy.org/journals/new-directions-for-youth-development/.
    

2. Kelling, George L., and Catherine M. Coles. Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities. A Touchstone Book. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
    

3. The Civil Rights Project, Harvard University, and Advancement Project. “Opportunities Suspended: The Devastating Consequences of Zero Tolerance and School Discipline Policies.” A National Summit on Zero Tolerance, 2000. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED454314.pdf.
    

4. Noguera, Pedro A. “What Discipline Is for: Connecting Students to the Benefits of Learning.” In Everyday Antiracism: Getting Real about Race in School, edited by Mica Pollock. The New Press, 2008.
    

5. “Discipline Disparities for Black Students, Boys, and Students with Disabilities.” United States Government Accountability Office, 2018, https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/690828.pdf.
    

6. Kohlberg, Lawrence. “The Just Community Approach to Moral Education in Theory and Practice.” In Moral Education: Theory and Application, by F. Oser and M. W. Berkowitz, 27–99. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1985.
    

7. Fronius, T., S. Darling-Hammond, H. Persson, S. Guckenburg, N. Hurley, and A. Petrosino. “Restorative Justice in U.S. Schools.” WestEd Justice & Prevention Research Center, 2019. https://www.wested.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/resource-restorative-justice-in-u-s-schools-an-updated-research-review.pdf.
    

8. American Psychological Association. “Black Boys Viewed as Older, Less Innocent than Whites, Research Finds,” 2014. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2014/03/black-boys-older.
    

9. Balfanz, Robert, Liza Herzog, and Douglas J. Mac Iver. “Preventing Student Disengagement and Keeping Students on the Graduation Path in Urban Middle-Grades Schools: Early Identification and Effective Interventions.” Educational Psychologist 42, no. 4 (November 2, 2007): 223–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520701621079.
    

10. Advancement Project, National Education Association, Schott Foundation, and American Federation of Teachers. “Restorative Practices: Fostering Healthy Relationships & Promoting Positive Discipline in Schools A Guide for Educators,” 2014. http://schottfoundation.org/sites/default/files/restorative-practices-guide.pdf.

 

Chapter 5: Rituals

 

1. Noam, G. G., and C. A. Hermann. “Where Education and Mental Health Meet: Developmental Prevention and Early Intervention in Schools.” Development and Psychopathology 14, no. 4 (2002): 861–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579402004108.
    

2. Noam, G. G. “A Framework for Staying Sane in a Year of Uncertainty.” Psychology Today. Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-inner-life-students/202004/framework-staying-sane-in-year-uncertainty.
    

3. Noam, G. G., and B. Triggs. “The Clover Model: A Developmental Process Theory of Social-Emotional Development.” Belmont, MA: PEAR: Partnerships in Education and Resilience, 2018. https://www.pearinc.org/clover-model-overview

 

Chapter 6: Educators

 

1. Rhea R. Borja. “Online Learning Fills Void in Nations Coping With SARS - Education Week.” Education Week, 2003. https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2003/05/21/37sars.h22.html.
    

2. Ibid.
    

3. Dana Goldstein, Adam Popescu, & Nikole Hannah-Jones. (2020). As School Moves Online, Many Students Stay Logged Out. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/us/coronavirus-schools-attendance-absent.html
    

4. Cory Turner, Diane Adame, and Elissa Nadworny. “‘There’s A Huge Disparity’: What Teaching Looks Like During Coronavirus.” NPR.org. Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/04/11/830856140/teaching-without-schools-grief-then-a-free-for-all.
    

5. Paul Reville. (2020). Schools Are Socially Promoting Students En Masse. What Comes Next? Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2020/05/21/schools-are-socially-promoting-students-en-masse.html
    

6. Jim Soland, Megan Kuhfeld, Beth Tarasawa, Angela Johnson, Erik Ruzek, and Jing Liu. “The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Achievement and What It May Mean for Educators.” Brookings (blog), May 27, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2020/05/27/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-student-achievement-and-what-it-may-mean-for-educators/.
    

7. Christina Cipriano, and Marc Brackett. “How to Support Teachers’ Emotional Needs Right Now.” Greater Good Magazine, 2020. https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_to_support_teachers_emotional_needs_right_now.
    

8. Gallup. “Teachers Confident amid Uncertainty.” Gallup.com, August 19, 2020. https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/317591/teachers-confident-amid-uncertainty.aspx.
    

9. Brenan, Megan. “K-12 Teachers Worried About COVID-19 on the Job.” Gallup.com, July 24, 2020. https://news.gallup.com/poll/316055/teachers-worried-covid-job.aspx.
    

10. “Create Live Word Clouds.” Mentimeter. Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.mentimeter.com/features/word-cloud.
     

11. Michael Griffith. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Recession on Teaching Positions.” Learning Policy Institute. Accessed October 5, 2020. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/blog/impact-covid-19-recession-teaching-positions.
     

12. “AASA Women in School Leadership Initiative - Resources.” AASA, The School Superintendents Association. Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.aasa.org/WomenInSchoolLeadershipResources.aspx.
     

13. CDC. “Communities, Schools, Workplaces, & Events.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, April 30, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/prepare-safe-return.html.
     

14. Marc Brackett, Mark Cannizzaro, and Scott Levy. “The Pandemic’s Toll on School Leaders Is Palpable. Here’s What’s Needed for a Successful School Year. - EdSurge News.” EdSurge, July 16, 2020. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2020-07-16-the-pandemic-s-toll-on-school-leaders-is-palpable-here-s-what-s-needed-for-a-successful-school-year.
     

15. Marc Brackett, Mark Cannizzaro, and Scott Levy. “The Pandemic’s Toll on School Leaders Is Palpable. Here’s What’s Needed for a Successful School Year. - EdSurge News.” EdSurge, July 16, 2020. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2020-07-16-the-pandemic-s-toll-on-school-leaders-is-palpable-here-s-what-s-needed-for-a-successful-school-year.
     

16. Stephanie Marken, and Tonika Cheek Clayton. “Parents’ and Students’ Thoughts on Support Needed This Fall.” Gallup.com, August 27, 2020. https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/317957/parents-students-thoughts-support-needed-fall.aspx.
     

17. Kashdan, Todd B., and Jonathan Rottenberg. “Psychological Flexibility as a Fundamental Aspect of Health.” Clinical Psychology Review 30, no. 7 (November 2010): 865–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001.
     

18. Ibid.
     

19. Hirt, Edward R., Erin E. Devers, and Sean M. McCrea. “I Want to Be Creative: Exploring the Role of Hedonic Contingency Theory in the Positive Mood-Cognitive Flexibility Link.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94, no. 2 (February 2008): 214–30. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.94.2.214.
     

20. Ramaci, Tiziana, Diego Bellini, Giovambattista Presti, and Giuseppe Santisi. “Psychological Flexibility and Mindfulness as Predictors of Individual Outcomes in Hospital Health Workers.” Frontiers in Psychology 10 (June 12, 2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01302.
     

21. Diamond, A. “Activities and Programs That Improve Children’s Executive Functions.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 21, no. 5 (October 2012): 335–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412453722.
     

22. Ritter, Simone M., and Nel Mostert. “Enhancement of Creative Thinking Skills Using a Cognitive-Based Creativity Training.” Journal of Cognitive Enhancement 1, no. 3 (September 2017): 243–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-016-0002-3.
     

23. Partnerships in Education and Resilience (PEAR). “COVID-19 Resources.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.pearinc.org/covid19.
     

24. CASEL Resources. “COVID-19 SEL Resources.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://casel.org/resources-covid/.
     

25. Attendance Works. “Guide to Using the Attendance Playbook: Smart Strategies for Reducing Chronic Absenteeism in the COVID Era.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.attendanceworks.org/resources/attendance-playbook/.
     

26. “Search Institute.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.search-institute.org/.

 

Chapter 7: Mental Health

 

1. Valerie J. Calderon. “U.S. Parents Say COVID-19 Harming Child’s Mental Health.” Gallup, June 16, 2020. https://news.gallup.com/poll/312605/parents-say-covid-harming-child-mental-health.aspx.
    

2. Nrimita Panchal, Rabah Kamal, Kendal Orgera, Cynthia Cox, Rachel Garfield, Liz Hamel, Cailey Munana, & Priya Chidambaram. (2020). The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use. Kaiser Family Foundation. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/.
    

3. Anya Kamenetz. “Child Sexual Abuse Reports Are On The Rise Amid Lockdown Orders.” NPR, April 28, 2020. https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/28/847251985/child-sexual-abuse-reports-are-on-the-rise-amid-lockdown-orders.
    

4. Lauren Bauer. (2020, May 6). The COVID-19 crisis has already left too many children hungry in America. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/05/06/the-covid-19-crisis-has-already-left-too-many-children-hungry-in-america/
    

5. Whitney, Daniel G., and Mark D. Peterson. “US National and State-Level Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders and Disparities of Mental Health Care Use in Children.” JAMA Pediatrics 173, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 389. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5399.
    

6. Ruth Perou, Rebecca H. Bitsko, Stephen J. Blumberg, Patricia Pastor, Reem M. Ghandour, Joseph C. Gfroerer, Sarra L. Hedden, Alex E. Crosby, Susanna N. Visser, Laura A. Schieve, Sharyn E. Parks, Jeffrey E. Hall, Debra Brody, Catherine M. Simile, William W. Thompson, Jon Baio, Shelli Avenevoli, Michael D. Kogan, & Larke N. Huang. (2013). Mental Health Surveillance Among Children—United States, 2005–2011 (62(02); pp. 1–35). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6202a1.htm?s_cid=su6202a1_w
    

7. Whitney, D. G., & Peterson, M. D. (2019). US National and State-Level Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders and Disparities of Mental Health Care Use in Children. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(4), 389. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5399
    

8. National Center for Education Statistics. (2020). Back to school statistics. Institute of Education Success. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372
    

9. Anagnostopoulos, Dimitris C., and Eugenia Soumaki. “The State of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Greece during the International Financial Crisis: A Brief Report.” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 22, no. 2 (February 2013): 131–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0377-y.
    

10. Bruckner, Tim A., Lonnie Snowden, Meenakshi S. Subbaraman, and Timothy T. Brown. “Economic Antecedents of Medicaid-Financed Mental Health Services among Youths in California.” International Journal of Mental Health 39, no. 2 (July 2010): 74–90. https://doi.org/10.2753/IMH0020-7411390204.
     

11. Abramson, David M., Yoon Soo Park, Tasha Stehling-Ariza, and Irwin Redlener. “Children as Bellwethers of Recovery: Dysfunctional Systems and the Effects of Parents, Households, and Neighborhoods on Serious Emotional Disturbance in Children after Hurricane Katrina.” Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. S1 (September 2010): S17–27. https://doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.7.
     

12. Fan, Fang, Ying Zhang, Yanyun Yang, Lei Mo, and Xianchen Liu. “Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety among Adolescents Following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China: Adolescents Exposed to Earthquake.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 24, no. 1 (February 2011): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20599.
     

13. Bada Math, Suresh, Shweta Tandon Satish, Chandra Girimaji, Vivek Benegal, Uday Kumar, Ameer Hamza Kavita, and Jangram D. Nagaraja. “Psychological Impact of the Tsunami on Children and Adolescents From the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.” The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 10, no. 01 (February 14, 2008): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.v10n0106.
     

14. Papadatou, Danai, Ioanna Giannopoulou, Paraskevi Bitsakou, Thalia Bellali, Michael A. Talias, and Konstantina Tselepi. “Adolescents’ Reactions after a Wildfire Disaster in Greece.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 25, no. 1 (February 2012): 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21656.
     

15. PEAR. “Clover Groups,” 2020. http://pearinc.org/clover-groups
     

16. Noam, G. G. “Resources,” 2020. https://gilnoam.wixsite.com/author.
     

17. NPR.org. “Families of Children with Special Needs Are Suing in Several States. Here’s Why.” Accessed October 5, 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/07/23/893450709/families-of-children-with-special-needs-are-suing-in-several-states-heres-why.
     

18. Noam, G. G. “Resources,” 2020. https://gilnoam.wixsite.com/author

​

Chapter 8: Community

 

1. The Forum for Youth Investment. “Children’s Cabinet Networks.” The Forum For Youth Investment. Accessed October 21, 2020. https://forumfyi.org/work/ccn/.
    

2. National Governors Association. “A Governors Guide to Children’s Cabinets,” 2004. https://nwi.pdx.edu/pdf/ChildrensCabinet-NatGovernorsAssoc.pdf.
    

3. National Center for Education Statistics. (2020). Back to school statistics. Institute of Education Success. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372
    

4. U.S. Department of Education. (2020). About ED—Overview and Mission Statement. https://www2.ed.gov/about/landing.jhtml?src=ft
    

5. Ed 100. “School Hours: Is There Enough Time To Learn?” Ed 100, January 22, 2015. https://ed100.org/lessons/schoolhours.
    

6. World Education Research Association. “Extended Education IRN.” WERA, April 1, 2017. https://www.weraonline.org/page/ExtendedEducation.
    

7. Gitomer, D., A. M. Shah, E. Wylie, and G. G. Noam. Development of the Dimensions of Success (DoS) Observation Tool for the out of School Time STEM Field: Refinement, Field-Testing and Establishment of Psychometric Properties, 2014.
    

8. Eben Shapiro. “YMCA CEO Kevin Washington on Balancing Pandemic Response and Financial Pressures.” TIME, July 19, 2020. https://time.com/5867118/ymca-ceo-kevin-washington-covid-19/.
    

9. Corey Mitchell. “COVID-19 Has Left Thousands of After-School Programs in Jeopardy.” Education Week, July 27, 2020. https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2020/07/27/covid-19-has-left-thousands-of-after-school-programs.html
    

10. Afterschool Alliance. “Budget Cut Map,” 2020. http://afterschoolalliance.org/budgetcutmap/.
     

11. Afterschool Alliance. “Afterschool in the Time of COVID-19,” 2020. http://afterschoolalliance.org/documents/Afterschool-COVID-19-Wave-1-Fact-Sheet.pdf.
     

12. Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. “Core SEL Competencies.” CASEL, 2020. https://casel.org/core-competencies/.
     

13. Harvard Graduate School of Education. “Explore SEL.” Accessed October 19, 2020. http://exploresel.gse.harvard.edu/.
     

14. Noam, G. G., G. Higgins, and G. Goenthals. “Psychoanalysis as a Development Psychology.” In Handbook of Developmental Psychology, edited by R. Wolman, 23–43. New York: Prentice Hall, 1982.
     

15. Noam, G. G. “Reconceptualizing Maturity: The Search for Deeper Meaning.” In Development and Vulnerability in Close Relationships (The Jean Piaget Symposium Series), edited by G. Noam and K. W. Fischer, 135–72. Mahwah: Erlbaum, 1996.
     

16. Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. 1. touchstone ed. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
     

17. Children’s Aid. “Community Schools,” 2020. https://www.childrensaidnyc.org/programs/community-schools.
     

18. “Harlem Children’s Zone,” 2020. https://hcz.org/.
     

19. Mapp, K., and P. J. Kuttner. “Partners in Education: A Dual Capacity-Building Framework for Family-School Partnerships.” U.S. Department of Education, 2013. https://www2.ed.gov/documents/family-community/partners-education.pdf.
     

20. CNN. “Many Parents May Have to Stop Working Entirely If Schools Don’t Reopen, Goldman Sachs Says,” August 4, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/04/economy/schools-reopening-economy-jobs/index.html.
     

21. Minsberg, Talya. “An Israeli Mom Ranted about Online Learning, and the Internet Replied: ‘Same.’” The New York Times, March 26, 2020, sec. Parenting. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/parenting/israeli-mom-coronavirus-remote-learning.html.
     

22. Afterschool Alliance. “America after 3pm,” 2014. http://afterschoolalliance.org/AA3PM/national.html#c/demand/p_of_children_in_programs_2014.
     

23. Noam, G. G., G. Biancarosa, and N. Dechausay. Afterschool Education: Approaches to an Emerging Field. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press, 2003.

 

Chapter 9: Processing

 

1. Freud, Anna. “The Role of the Teacher.” Harvard Educational Review 22, no. 4 (October 1952): 229.
    

2. Noam, G. G. “Resources,” 2020. https://gilnoam.wixsite.com/author.
    

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Helping Children Cope,” July 1, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/for-parents.html.
    

4. Kris, Anton O. “Helping Patients by Analyzing Self-Criticism.” Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 38, no. 3 (June 1990): 605–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/000306519003800304.
    

5. American Psychological Association. “Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT),” last modified July 31, 2017, https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/treatments/cognitive-processing-therapy.
    

6. American Psychological Association. “Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy,” July 31, 2017. https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/treatments/eye-movement-reprocessing.
    

7. CNN. (2015). French father explains terror attacks to his young son. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2S9An4AX0M
    

8. Lewis Aron, & Karen Starr. (2013). A Psychotherapy for the People: Toward a Progressive Psychoanalysis. Routledge.
    

Chapter 10: Courage

 

1. Merriam-Webster. “Definition of Courage,” 2020. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/courage.
    

2. Badger, Emily, and Quoctrung Bui. “Detailed Maps Show How Neighborhoods Shape Children for Life.” The New York Times, October 1, 2018, sec. The Upshot. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/upshot/maps-neighborhoods-shape-child-poverty.html.
    

3. Noam, G. G. “An Introductory Offer to the Future,” April 2, 2020. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-inner-life-students/202004/introductory-offer-the-future.
    

4. Castelo, Micah. “How Immersive Technology Champions the Four C’s of Learning.” EdTech Magazine, March 11, 2020. https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2020/03/how-immersive-technology-champions-four-cs-learning.
    

5. Hoffman, Jessica A., and Edward A. Miller. “Addressing the Consequences of School Closure Due to COVID-19 on Children’s Physical and Mental Well-Being.” World Medical & Health Policy 12, no. 3 (2020): 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.365.
    

6. Rose, Todd. The End of Average: How We Succeed in a World That Values Sameness. First Edition. New York: HarperOne, 2015.
    

7. Bauer, Mark S., and JoAnn Kirchner. “Implementation Science: What Is It and Why Should I Care?” Psychiatry Research 283 (January 2020): 112376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.04.025.